Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Ghana is currently grappling with simultaneous OUTBREAKS of Marburg virus DISEASE and human monkeypox virus. The coexistence of these OUTBREAKS emphasizes the imperative for a collaborative and global approach to enhance surveillance and expedite case detection. While Ghana has made efforts to respond to these OUTBREAKS, this paper outlines the lessons learned and proposes recommendations in this regard. It is crucial to intensify response efforts at the local, regional, and national levels to effectively contain the spread of these infectious DISEASEs. Therefore, this paper suggests prioritizing the following recommendations as crucial for assisting Ghana in adequately preparing for future OUTBREAKS and safeguarding global public health: strengthening surveillance system through digitization, rapid and effective response,risk communication and community engagement,healthcare system readiness,and research and collaboration. Also, prioritizing building healthy public policies and developing personal skills of health personnel across the country is key for future outbreak response.

Background: Ecological conditions can change infection routes and increase the risks of OUTBREAKS. The aim of this study is risk assessment of foodborne DISEASE OUTBREAKS based on dispersed regional climatic and demographic variables in Yazd Province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data of temporal climatic parameters and regional demographic factors linked to bacterial foodborne DISEASEs were addressed. A multi-level regression analysis model was used to detect associations between the risk of OUTBREAKS and ecological risk factors; the relationships were verified using (P<0.05). Results: Significant associations were observed between the OUTBREAKS and age )P<0.001(, community type (P<0.001), temperature (P=0.04), rainfall (P=0.03) and dust pollution (P<0.001) in scattered parts of the province. The maximum rate of OUTBREAKS was seen in spring, while the frequency of the OUTBREAKS increased during April and October, compared to other months of the year (2012–2016). Conclusion: Consequences have revealed interventions of the environmental exposures in transmissions of microbial agents by complex ecological processes that caused the OUTBREAKS.